OHIO RURAL BROADBAND ASSOCIATIONS

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Dark Fiber - Dark fiber is optical fiber infrastructure (cabling and repeaters) that is currently in place but is not being used. Optical fiber conveys information in the form of light pulses so the "dark" means no light pulses are being sent. For example, some electric utilities have installed optical fiber cable where they already have power lines installed in the expectation that they can lease the infrastructure to telephone or cable TV companies or use it to interconnect their own offices. To the extent that these installations are unused, they are described as dark. "Dark fiber service" is service provided by local exchange carriers for the maintenance of optical fiber transmission capacity between customer locations in which the light for the fiber is provided by the customer rather than the LEC. Dedicated Access - Connection between a customer' s premises and a long distance carrier. All transmissions on this dedicated line are automatically routed to the carrier. Provided by a local phone company, alternate access provider or long distance carrier. Dedicated Line - A communications circuit or channel provided for the exclusive use of a particular subscriber. Dedicated lines are used for computers when large amounts of data need to be moved between points. Dialing Parity - Equal dialing access provided to consumers. No additional codes or numbers are necessary to access a different telephone service provider. Digital/Digitized - Any type of information that can be output, transmitted and interpreted as individual bits of binary information (the use of the numbers 0 and 1), 6 using electrical or electromagnetic signals that can be modulated to convey their specific content. A TV picture will be more like a rectangle and have up to 1,080 lines of resolution, producing a crisper picture. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) - In Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN), equipment that provides full-duplex service on a single twisted metallic pair at a rate sufficient to support ISDN basic access and additional framing, timing recovery and operational functions. Note: The physical termination of the DSL at the Network end is the Line termination; the physical termination at the Customer end is the Network termination. Direct Inward Dialing (DID) - A service offered by telephone companies which allows the last 3 or 4 digits of a phone number to be transmitted to the destination exchange. Divestiture - On Jan. 8, 1982, AT&T signed a Consent Decree with the U.S. Department of Justice. It stipulated as ofJan. 1, 1984, AT&T would divest itself of its 22 telephone operating companies which were formed into seven regional holding companies of roughly equal size. The FCC decision mandated that Bell Operating Companies (BOCs) provide all long distance carriers access arrangements equal in type, quality and price to the access provided AT&T. Drop - (1) Portion of an outside telephone plant which extends from the telephone distribution cable to the subscriber' s premises. (2) Connection point for a terminal to a line. DS0 - A single voice-grade 64 Kbps circuit. DS1 - A high-speed line capable of delivering 1.54 Mbps (1540K) in both directions, and divided into 24 data-bearing channels. DS1C - A high-speed line capable of delivering 3.14 Mbps (3150K) in both directions. DS2 - A high-speed line capable of delivering 6.31 Mbps (6310K) in both directions. DS3 - A high-speed line capable of delivering 44.7 Mbps (447000K) in both directions.

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